Oracle Database 12c: Installation and Administration — Question 35

Which two statements are true about initialization parameter files? (Choose two.)

Answer options

• A. A lost or damaged SPFILE can be re-created by using the parameter values listed in the alert log.
• B. A PFILE must exist for an SPFILE to be created.
• C. The ALTER SYSTEM command cannot be used to change the value of any parameter if a database instance has started using a PFILE.
• D. Both the SPFILE and PFILE must always reside on a file system accessible from the database host server.
• E. On startup, by default a database instance always first searches for an SPFILE, and if it does not find any, searches for a PFILE.

Correct answer: A, E

Explanation

Option A is correct because the alert log contains the necessary parameter values that can be used to recreate a lost SPFILE. Option E is also correct as it describes the startup process of a database instance, which prioritizes looking for an SPFILE first. Options B, C, and D are incorrect; B is wrong because an SPFILE can be created without an existing PFILE, C is incorrect as the ALTER SYSTEM command can still be used with a PFILE, and D is misleading since the SPFILE and PFILE do not have to be on the same file system.