Database Fundamentals — Question 71

First normal form requires that a database excludes:

Answer options

• A. Foreign keys
• B. Composite keys
• C. Duplicate rows
• D. Repeating groups

Correct answer: D

Explanation

The correct answer is D because first normal form (1NF) mandates that there are no repeating groups within a table to ensure that each field contains atomic values. Options A and B are incorrect as foreign keys and composite keys can exist in a database while still satisfying 1NF. Option C is also incorrect since duplicate rows do not inherently violate 1NF, but the focus is on atomicity and structure.