Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) — Question 1453

Which of the following would MOST effectively ensure the integrity of data transmitted over a network?

Answer options

• A. Message encryption
• B. Steganography
• C. Certificate authority (CA)
• D. Message digest

Correct answer: D

Explanation

The correct answer is D, as a message digest provides a unique hash value that verifies the data's integrity. While message encryption (A) secures data from unauthorized access, it doesn't verify integrity. Steganography (B) hides data but doesn't ensure its integrity, and a certificate authority (C) is involved in authentication rather than data integrity.