CFE – Fraud Prevention and Deterrence — Question 16

The theory of differential association is used frequently to explain white-collar criminality. Which of the following is NOT one of the assertions or principles of differential association?

Answer options

• A. Criminal behavior is learned using the same mechanisms as other learning
• B. Criminal behavior is acquired through participation with intimate personal groups
• C. Criminal behavior is learned from other people in a process of communication
• D. The process of learning criminal behavior is the same as pure imitation

Correct answer: C

Explanation

The correct answer is C because differential association emphasizes that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others, not merely through communication. Options A, B, and D all support the theory by highlighting the learning processes involved in acquiring criminal behavior, making them consistent with the principles of differential association.